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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025): 1291-1304
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-08
Field
Resistance Status of Hot Pepper to the Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesian Virus
in Relation to Volatile Compounds
(Status Rintangan Ladang Lada Pedas terhadap Virus Daun Lada Kuning Keriting Indonesia Berkaitan Sebatian Meruap)
PUSPITA DESWINA1,
RINDA KIRANA1, KARDEN MULYA1, NENI GUNAENI1,
SOBIR2, DANI SATYAWAN3, KRISTIANTO NUGROHO1,
RERENSTRADIKA TIZAR TERRYANA4, DYAH MANOHARA1, DARKAM
MUSADDAD5, IMAS RITA SAADAH1 & TONNY KOESTONI
MOEKASAN1,*
1Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation
Agency, Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Kabupaten Bogor 16915, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
2Faculty of Agriculture,
IPB University, Jl. Kamper Babakan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor
16680, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
3Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and
Innovation Agency, Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Kabupaten Bogor 16915, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
4Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation
Agency, Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi Soekarno, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Kabupaten Bogor 16915, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
5Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and
Innovation Agency, Jl. KS Tubun, Subang, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Received: 29 May 2024/Accepted: 7 February 2025
Abstract
The Pepper
Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesian (PYLCI) virus, transmitted by the whitefly, has a
significantly detrimental impacts on the productivity of hot peppers. Despite
the implementation of extensive breeding programs, the development of varieties
resistant to PYLCI remains a challenging endeavor.
This study proposes a novel strategy that considers vector-host interactions
with the objective of enhancing resistance. A total of 37 genotypes of hot
pepper, collected by IPB University and the National Research and Innovation
Agency (NRIA), along with two registered varieties of hot pepper (Bonita and Sigantung), were utilized in this study. The results were
classified into five categories based on the disease reaction observed in the
tested genotypes. The IPB RF 41 genotype exhibited high resistance, with no
instances of diseases and minimal symptom intensity. In contrast, the IPB RF 20
genotype demonstrated high susceptibility, with a 64% incidence of disease and
a symptom intensity of 41.85%. The distribution of the whitefly was consistent
across the area, with an average of 29–39 imagos per
week in each trap. The flowers and leaves of the CR-2022-46 (resistant) and IPB
RF 29 (susceptible) genotypes were found to contain volatile compounds. The
resistant genotypes exhibited a reduced number of volatile floral compounds.
Leaf analysis showed the presence of D-limonene, indole, naphthalene,
1.4.5-trimethyl-, whereas these compounds were not detected in the flowers.
Conversely, α-fenchene and naphthalene,
2-methyl-, were found exclusively in the flowers. Beta-ocimene plays a role in
the whitefly-hot pepper interaction, with varying patterns of increasing from
the vegetative to generative phases between resistant and susceptible
genotypes. Resistant plants released higher levels of (E)-4,8-Dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene
(DMNT) in both phases. This information could prove beneficial for the further
development of alternative breeding programs focused on PYLCI resistance, and
potentially revolutionize the agricultural practices in Indonesia.
Keywords: Hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens);
pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesian virus; resistance; volatile compounds
Abstrak
Virus Daun Lada Kuning Keriting Indonesia (PYLCI) yang disebarkan oleh lalat putih, secara signifikan menghalang produktiviti lada pedas. Walaupun pelaksanaan program pembiakan yang meluas, pembangunan varieti rintang PYLCI masih sukar diperoleh. Penyelidikan ini mencadangkan strategi baharu yang mengambil kira interaksi vektor-perumah sebagai objektif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan. Sebanyak 37 genotip lada pedas yang dikumpulkan oleh Universitas IPB dan Badan Penelitian dan Inovasi Nasional (NRIA), serta dua varieti lada pedas berdaftar (Bonita dan Sigantung) digunakan dalam kajian ini.
Hasil telah dikelaskan kepada lima kategori berdasarkan reaksi penyakit yang diperhatikan dalam genotip yang diuji. Genotip IPB RF 41 menunjukkan ketahanan tinggi dengan tiada kejadian penyakit dan keamatan gejala yang minima, manakala genotip IPB RF 20 sangat mudah terjejas dengan 64% kejadian penyakit dan keamatan gejala 41.85%. Taburan lalat putih adalah tekal di seluruh kawasan dengan purata 29 - 39 imago setiap minggu dalam setiap perangkap. Sebatian volatil dikenal pasti dalam bunga dan daun genotip CR-2022-46
(rintang) dan IPB RF 29 (mudah terjejas). Genotip rintang menunjukkan pengurangan sebatian meruap bunga. Analisis daun menunjukkan kehadiran D-limonena, indola, naftalena, 145-trimetil-, tetapi sebatian ini tidak terdapat pada bunga. Sebaliknya,
α-fensena dan naftalena,
2-metil- dijumpai eksklusif pada bunga. Beta-ocimene memainkan peranan dalam interaksi lalat putih-lada pedas yang berbeza antara genotip tahanan dan genotip rentan dengan pola yang berubah daripada fasa vegetatif kepada fasa generatif. Tanaman rentan melepaskan tahap (E)-4,8-Dimetilnona-1,3,7-trien
(DMNT) yang lebih tinggi dalam kedua-dua fasa. Maklumat ini boleh memberi manfaat untuk pembangunan program pembiakan alternatif yang memberi tumpuan kepada rintang PYLCI dan berpotensi merevolusi amalan pertanian di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Lada merah (Capsicum frutescens); rintang; sebatian volatil; virus daun lada kuning keriting Indonesia
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*Corresponding author;
email: tonn001@brin.go.id
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